

Can you tell what a baby’s cry means? Are they hungry, sick, uncomfortable, or in pain? Chances are, if you are parent or someone with experience taking care of babies, you would be able to accurately identify whether a baby’s cry indicates whether they are in pain. But if you haven’t spent time caring of babies, you might have some learning to do!
When a baby expresses pain through their cry, there are distinctive sound elements that can separate that cry from a different one, and these are universal amongst all babies. Some such elements include cries that are longer, louder, and with more shifting pitch then other infant cries. Because of this phenomena, it has long been thought that adults are able to differentiate by ear, whether a baby’s cry is one of pain or not. However, the researchers of this study wanted to see whether that was an ability all adults possess, or one that comes with experience and time.
To determine this, they conducted an experiment with five groups of participants: adults with no caregiving experience, adults with some caregiving experience, parents of children 5 years old or older, parents of babies less than 2 years old, and adults with ample professional caregiving experience. They had the adults do two sets of experiments, one where they tried to determine whether the cries of a familiar baby were of pain or just discomfort, and one where they tried to do the same thing but with an unfamiliar baby. The familiar babies’ discomfort cries had been played for the adults a few hours prior to the experiment, allowing the adults to familiarize themselves with how the baby sounds and be able to distinguish that baby from other.
The results showed that adults with no caregiving experience could identify cries of pain or discomfort no better than chance, correctly choosing only 53.4% of the time. Adults with some caregiving experience were a little better at identifying cries, but only those of the familiar babies, choosing correctly 57.3% of the time. Parents of children 5 years old or older and adults with ample professional caregiving experience both were able to identify the familiar babies’ cry with greater accuracy, this time choosing correctly 65.5% and 71.1% of the time, respectively. Parents of babies less than 2 years old, however, were able to identify the cries of pain of both a familiar baby and of an unfamiliar baby, choosing correctly 71.2% of the time for a familiar baby and 64.2% of the time for an unfamiliar baby.
This study indicates that the ability to recognize a baby’s cry as one of pain comes from experience listening to babies’ cries. Experience changes the way in which we hear and distinguish between cries, and greater experience can allow someone to accurately identify whether a baby is crying in pain, even if it is their first time hearing that baby cry!
If you want to read more, click here!
Thank you!
Afrah Rafi
UConn KIDS Research Assistant